Artists

The Victorian artists who are best remembered today are the Pre-Raphaelites and their friend William Morris. The Pre-Raphaelites included Danté Gabrielle Rosetti, William Holman-Hunt, Edward Burne-Jones and John Millais. Rossetti’s sister Christina, the poet, influenced the group and many women artists such as Rossetti’s wife Elizabeth Siddal, Jane Benham Hay, Ford Maddox Brown’s daughters Lucy and Catherine and others.

John Everett Millais (1829-1896)
Millais was born in Southampton, of French descent. He trained at the Royal Academy and in 1848 he founded the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood with his friends Danté Gabrielle Rosetti and William Holman-Hunt. Millais’s painting “Christ in the House of his Parents” caused a storm when it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1849. Charles Dickens wrote that Christ looked like “a hideous wry-necked, blubbering, red-headed boy, in a bed-gown.” The Pre-Raphaelites did not approve of the art of the middle and high renaissance and believed that the only truly great art came from the time before the 16th century Italian painter Raphael. Like their predecessors, they used biblical images and images from classical mythology, but they tried to portray them in a more realistic and less idealized way. Their paintings were based on real landscapes and real models, and they paid close attention to the accurate portrayal of colour and detail. The art critic John Ruskin defended the group. At a time when science seemed to threaten religious belief, nature was seen as a reflection of God, and Ruskin had argued that art should reflect nature. Whilst painting Ruskin, Millais fell in love with Ruskin’s wife, Effie, and he married her in 1855 after her marriage to Ruskin was annulled. Millais’s other paintings include “The Boyhood of Raleigh” and “Autumn Leaves.”